The issue could be solved by adding the "Analysis for Office Scheduling Service" to a Job Server after installing the Analysis for office Add In. In the configuration properties I also set the Precalculation Path (e.g.: "C:\Program Files (x86)\SAP BusinessObjects\Analysis Precalculation\BiPrecalculation.exe" - don't know if this step is necessary)
Afterwards I could sucessfully schedule my Analysis workbook with saved prompt values.
(More details here - sorry for double-post- http://scn.sap.com/community/businessobjects-analysis-ms-office/blog/2013/11/15/ao-precalculation-and-scheduling-available-in-smp-15th-nov-2013#comment-445520)